DR-KNOW / IQ-2k Information Serv.

     [ geology / petrology - MINERALOGY ]
     ______________________________________

       1. naturally occurring
       2. inorganic
       3. specific chemical compostion
       4. regular internal structure



             Identifying - MINERALS
             ----------------------
      -----------------------------------------
       **  luster
       **  hardness
       **  streak
       **  cleavage
       *   crystal habit
       *   fracture
  
       OTHER
       - color 
       - clarity -------- transparent, translucent, opaque
       - specific gravity
       - smell
       - taste
       - magnetism
       - striations
       - acid effervesence (fizz)
       - malleability
       - double refraction
       - (pizo) electric
       - tenacity
 
       --------------------------------------- 

      LUSTER  >>   METALLIC  /  non-METALLIC
   
       METALLIC LUSTER
   
       non-METALLIC LUSTER   ---- example
        >  vitreous (glassy)      quartz
        >  resinous               sphalerite
        >  pearly                 gypsum
        >  silky / fiberous       asbestos
        >  greasy                 halite
        >  dull/earthy            kaolinite

       -----------------------------------------
    

       HARDNESS   -- MOHs NUMBER -- example  
  
                              1       talc  
       fingernail     2.5     2       gypsum
                              3       calcite
       copper PENNY   3.5     4       flourite
                              5       apatite
       glass-plate    5.5     6       orthoclast feldspar
          knife               7       quartz
                              8       topaz
                              9       corundum 
                             10       diamond
                        
       -----------------------------------------


       CRYSTAL TYPES
       -------------
       covalent       ionic           metallic
       molecular
       
         
       CRYSTAL FAMILIY
       ---------------
       cubic          hexagonal       monoclinic     
       orthorhombic   tetragonal      triclinic 
       
   
       CRYSTAL FORM 
       ------------
       cube            prismatic      tabular         bladed       
       rhombohedron    pyramidal      dipyramidal     tetrahedron
       fiberous        radial         ( needles )     botryoidal
       dendritic



       MINERAL GROUPs
       ---------------
  
       SILICATE  group  Si
       OXIDE     group  O3, O4
       CARBONATE group  CO3 
       SULPHATE  group  SO4 
       SULFIDE   group  S 
       HALIDE    group  Cl,Fl,Br
  
       NATURAL ELEMENT MINERALs
       Cu, Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, Fe, Al  
       ----------------------------  
      


       SILICATEs 
       silicon-oxygen tetrahedron Si-O4

       - "island" silicates / nesosilicate / orthosilicate 
       OLIVINE, GARNET, ZIRCON 

       - single-chain tetrahedra family
       PROXYENE  

       - double-chain tetrahedra family
       AMPHIBOLE - hornblend

       - sheet tetrahedra family

       - framework tetrahedra family
       QUARTZ,  
       ----------------------------------


       OXIDEs        
         MAGNETITE   Fe3-O4
         HEMATITE    Fe2-O3
       ----------------------------------


       CARBONATEs 
         CALCITE     Ca-CO3  
         DOLOMITE    MG-Ca-CO3
         SIDERITE    Fe-CO3
       ----------------------------------


       SULPHATEs
       ----------------------------------


       SULFIDEs 
         PYRITE      FE-S   iron-sulfide 
         GALENA      Pb-S   lead-sulfide
         SPHALERITE   Z-S   zinc-sulfide
       ----------------------------------
    
    
    

       extra notes >>
  
  
       ** COVALENT BONDs
  
       gold (au) is a mineral
  
       SOLID-SOLUTION > alloys


       *** POLYMORPH
       - graphite, diamond 
       (same chemistry, but different crystal form due to pressure & temp )